Flow Banded Rhyolite

By Miguel A Heredia

During the 1^stweek of the year (December 30^th 2024 to January 5^th 2025), at least 7 press releases were announced by companies working in Mexico, and 1 news published by the media, with four disclosing deals and corporate issues, two announcing financing rounds, one reporting resources and development of their properties, and one commenting on Mexican issues. ON MEXICO ISSUES, An independent economic analysis indicated that the year 2024 was a crucial period for the Mexican economy, characterized by a scenario of contrast in the midst of a challenging global environment. ON EXPLORATION, no relevant news. ON FINANCING, Luca Mining reported that one of the company´s insiders sold an aggregate of 5,699,975 common shares (Tahuehueto project, Durango). Odyssey Marine secured $4M in funding to support the project’s development and extended the maturity of its existing debt. ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Silver Tiger provided a year-end review of 2024 highlights and a 2025 outlook for its El Tigre project, Sonora. ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Sierra Metals adopted shareholder rights plan (Bolivar mine, Chihuahua). US Antimony announced second contract for international supply of antimony (Madero smelter, Coahuila). Elemental Altus announced the appointment of a new Director (Mercedes mine, Sonora). Odyssey Marine formed a JV with Capital Latinoamericano to develop a strategic fertilizer project in Mexico, focusing on high-quality phosphate resources within the country’s Exclusive Economic Zone. ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, no relevant news.

ON MEXICO ISSUE

An independent economic analysis indicated that the year 2024 was a crucial period for the Mexican economy, characterized by a scenario of contrast in the midst of a challenging global environment. Factors such as the slowdown of developed economies, geopolitical tensions and domestic policy decisions have shaped the country’s economic behavior. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), Mexico’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) closed 2024 with an estimated growth of 2.8%. Although this represents a slight improvement over previous years, it is still below the expectations of international organizations such as the World Bank, which had projected growth close to 3.5%. Economic performance was mainly driven by: 1 Manufacturing sector and exports: the automotive and electronics industry continued to be a key driver, benefiting from nearshoring and the relocation of supply chains by global companies; 2 Remittances: money transfers from abroad reached a new record, with more than USD $60 B entering the country, which boosted consumption in vulnerable sectors; and 3 Tourism: the recovery of international tourism and the growth of domestic tourism contributed significantly to the economy, especially in regions such as Quintana Roo and Baja California Sur. Inflation closed the year at 4.2%, getting closer to the Bank of Mexico (Banxico) objective of 3%. This achievement is attributed to a restrictive monetary policy that kept the interest rate at high levels for much of the year. However, this also generated an impact on consumer credit and private investment, limiting economic growth. One of the most significant challenges of the year was the weakness in gross fixed investment, which showed a marginal growth of 0.8%. This reflects investor concerns about regulatory uncertainty and the political environment, especially in sectors such as energy and mining. The economic closure of 2024 shows that Mexico faces significant challenges, but also has unique opportunities to strengthen its economy in an uncertain global context. The key to 2025 will be to foster business confidence, consolidate its integration into global value chains and maintain a clear focus on sustainability and inclusive development.

ON EXPLORATION

No relevant news.

ON MINING

No relevant news.

ON FINANCING

Luca Mining Corp., reported that one of the company´s insiders, Calu Opportunity Fund LP (Calu) sold an aggregate of 5,699,975 common shares, at a price of approximately $0.62 per common share for sales gross proceeds of $3,533,984. Calu advised the company´s management that it intends to use $2M for the sales proceeds to exercise a total of 4M warrants at an exercise price of $0.50 per warrant (Tahuehueto project, Durango).
Odyssey Marine Exploration Inc., entered into a securities purchase agreement to secure $4M in funding to support the project’s development and extended the maturity of its existing debt. Separately, holders of Odyssey’s debt have agreed to extend the maturity date of notes due December 2024 to December 2025 and notes due June 2025 to April 2026.

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Silver Tiger Metals Inc., provided a year-end review of 2024 and an outlook for 2025, highlighting significant progress in its El Tigre project, Sonora. Key achievements in 2024 included the completion of a Preliminary Feasibility Study (PFS) with a base case After-Tax NPV of USD $222M and an After-Tax IRR of 40%. The company also updated its Mineral Resource Estimate and commenced underground drilling on high-grade veins, sulphide, and shale zones. For 2025, Silver Tiger plans to complete a 5,000m underground drill program, with the first drill results expected in January 2025, deliver a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) during H1-2025 for the underground resource, secure project financing for the open pit portion of the project, and make a construction decision upon receipt of the open pit permit.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Sierra Metals Inc., adopted a shareholder rights plan effective December 30, 2024, aimed at ensuring fair treatment of shareholders during take-over bids and protecting against creeping bids. The plan allows shareholders to purchase additional common shares at a 50% discount if rights become exercisable. However, it requires ratification by shareholders and approval from the Toronto Stock Exchange by June 30, 2025; otherwise, the plan will terminate (Bolivar mine, Chihuahua).
US Antimony Corporation (USAC) announced on December 30, 2024, a second contract for the international supply of antimony, with initial shipments of 50 wet metric tons from Thailand expected to arrive at the Mexican port of Manzanillo in March 2025 to be processed at the company´s Madero smelter in Coahuila. Additionally, USAC filed a new $100M universal shelf registration statement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), aimed at providing flexibility for future financing opportunities. It will replace its existing $25M universal shelf registration statement that will expire in January 2025. This move is part of USAC’s strategy to secure quality antimony supply for its smelters and set up for a strong financial performance in 2025.
Elemental Altus Royalties Corp., announced the appointment of a new member to its Board of Directors as an independent non-executive Director (Mercedes mine, Sonora).
Odyssey Marine Exploration Inc., formed a JV with Capital Latinoamericano S.A.de C.V. to develop a strategic fertilizer project in Mexico, focusing on high-quality phosphate resources within the country’s Exclusive Economic Zone. The initiative aims to establish a partnership with the Mexican government to enhance food security and empower local farmers, particularly small-scale producers, by providing access to affordable fertilizers. The project combines Odyssey’s expertise in subsea resource exploration with Mr. Juan Cortina’s leadership in agriculture, promoting sustainable practices and rural development. The project will employ advanced technology and proven sustainable dredging techniques, which have been successfully used in over 200 similar projects in Mexican waters by a local operating partner for the project. Odyssey secured $4M in funding to support the project’s development and extended the maturity of its existing debt.

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

No relevant news.

Content like what you have just read can be seen at https://gambusinoprospector.com/ and at LinkedIn’s Mexico Mineral Exploration Group.

On the picture above, flow banded rhyolite in an epithermal vein system project in Durango, Mexico. Photo taken by Miguel A Heredia.

The Mining and Exploration News in Mexico: Highlights on the Second Week of December 2024

December 15, 2024December 15, 2024 / Gambusino Prospector / Leave a comment

By Jorge Cirett

During the 50th week of the year (December 9th to December 15th, 2024), companies working in Mexico posted at least 28 press releases. Not a single company informed on exploration advances at its property, two companies presented quarterly results, one company was ordered to suspend operations, one more announced commercial production while another the re-start of heap stacking. Two companies informed on financing rounds, one on the granting of options, another on a share purchase plan, one on the evaluation of share consolidation and one more on the signing of service contracts. Six companies updated on drilling programs and one on a new MRE report for its property, one company started test mining and bulk sampling at its advanced property. One company published its annual handset book, two companies presented AGM results, three more announced appointments to the board, two companies informed on their amalgamation agreement, one more on the move of its headquarters and another one on the international arbitration proceedings against Mexico. One company published its sustainability report ON MEXICO ISSUES, Mexico is to review the proposed ban on open pit mining. ON EXPLORATION, no relevant news. ON MINING, GoGold Resources and Heliostar Metals presented quarterly reports. Torex Gold operations in Guerrero were mandated to halt by the government. Sierra Madre Gold and Silver announced commercial production at La Guitarra. Heliostar Metals intends to re-start stacking activities at La Colorada in Sonora. ON FINANCING, Tocvan Ventures and Quetzal Copper announced financing rallies for $2.1 M and C$3 M respectively. Sandstorm entered an automatic share purchase plan. Sierra Metals is considering a 20:1 share consolidation plan. Sierra Madre Gold and Silver granted stock options, Heliostar Metals signed services agreements with two companies, Defiance Silver made a clarification on the engagement of a service company. ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Silver Storm Mining released results from drilling at La Parilla, Mithril Silver and Gold updated on drilling at Copalquin, Defiance Silver announced a new MRE for Tepal, Pan American Silver reported drilling highlights for La Colorada and La Colorada Skarn, Prime Mining reported on expansion drilling at Los Reyes, Orla Mining updated on exploration at Camino Rojo. Fuerte Metals reported drilling results from Cristina, Vizsla Silver commenced test mining and bulk sampling at Panuco ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Elemental Altus Royalties published its annual handset handbook. Defiance Silver and Zacatecas Silver announced AGM’s results. Orla Mining and Luca Mining announced appointments to the board. Enduro Metals and Commander Resources announced its amalgamation agreement. US Antimony announced the move of its headquarters. Almaden Minerals informed on the international arbitration process under the TPP with Mexico. ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, Capstone Copper published its 2023 sustainability report.

ON MEXICO ISSUES

Mexico is to review the proposed bill to ban open pit mining, announced Claudia Shienbaum, Mexico’s president. The proposal was approved by the lower chamber of Congress in August, and also seeks to prohibit fracking and restrict water usage in areas of scarcity. She emphasized that the review will focus on ensuring environmental protection and is independent of corporate interests. “The Mexican Mining Chamber (Camimex) has voiced strong opposition to the proposed ban. Open-pit mining accounts for 60% of the value of Mexico’s national mining and metallurgical production. Camimex warns that the prohibition could lead to a 1% contraction in the country’s GDP and jeopardize nearly 200,000 jobs.”

ON EXPLORATION

No Relevant News.

ON MINING

Torex Gold Resources Inc. updated on the carbon monoxide accident that claimed the lives of two employees and one contractor and injured a second contractor. The company commenced its “own internal investigation to determine how, despite multiple levels of safety protocols and controls, such a tragedy could have occurred…. Two experienced individuals went into a restricted area where carbon monoxide was present, and in an effort to rescue their colleagues who suffered exposure, two other individuals entered the area as well. Three of the individuals passed away as a result, while the fourth was transported to a local hospital and is now at home recovering”.
Torex Gold Resources Inc. received notification from the DGM (Dirección General de Minas) that all activities are to be temporarily suspended at the Morelos property in Guerrero, “to support their inspection associated with the fatal incident at the El Limón Guajes underground mine” on December 5^th, 2024.
Sierra Madre Gold and Silver Ltd. announced that industrial production has started at the Guitarra mine processing plant in Estado de México. “The plant has been operating at 86% of the milling circuit nameplate capacity, or 516 wet metric tonnes per day, for the last two (2) months”. During October 13.2 K tonnes were processed to recover a concentrate containing 21.2 K Oz Ag, 295 Oz Au, and 13 K tonnes were processed in November to recover a concentrate containing 22.9 K Oz Ag, 363 Oz Au.
GoGold Resources Inc. announced financial results for the three months and full year ended on September 30, 2024. The company had revenue of US$36.5 M for the year on the sale of 1.4 M Oz AgEq, with net income of $1.6 M, production of 553.4 K Oz Ag, 8,700 Oz Au, 468 tonnes Cu, 316 tonnes Zn (or 1.48 M Oz AgEq), at cash cost of $17.62 per Oz AgEq and an AISC of $24.15. Cash of US$72.0 M at the end of the period.
Heliostar Metals Ltd. announced its intentions to recommence crushing and stacking in January 2025 of the historical Junkyard Stockpile at the Colorada Mine in Sonora. “The planned restart would initially augment and then replace the current gold production from residual leaching at the mine”. The stockpile is located close to the La Colorada crushing circuit, containing material mined from the Gran Central Pit in the mid to late 1990’s. “Drill holes were completed on a ~35-metre grid across the stockpile with some drill holes completed on a 7-metre grid for variability testing. In total, 57 holes totalling 2,290 metres were completed”.
Starcore International Mines Ltd. reported results for its Q2, ended in October 31, 2024. During the period the company processed 48.2 K tonnes at its San Martin mine in Queretaro, grading 1.1 gpt Au, 9.81 gpt Ag, recovering 80.3% Au, 49.2% Ag, to produce 1,400 Oz Au, 7.6 K Oz Ag (or 1,466 Oz AuEq) at cash cost $2,746 per Oz Au. “This quarter reflects the 2-month closure of mining operations due to the safety standards upgrades that were required by the Mexican Labor Department,,,” after a fatal accident at the mine. Cash on hand is C$3.7 M and working capital C$4.1 M.

ON FINANCING

Sierra Madre Gold and Silver Ltd. granted stock options to two new employees of the company to purchase an aggregate of 300 K common shares (La Guitarra, Estado de México).
Sandstorm Gold Ltd. entered into an automatic share purchase plan under its previously announced normal course issuer bid. The company’s at-the-market equity program for up to US$150 M of common shares expired in October with no shares being issued under the program. Sandstorm renewed its revolving credit agreement allowing the company to borrow up to US$625 M (Royalty in Cosalá, Sinaloa).
Tocvan Ventures Corp. closed a first tranche of its previously announced non-brokered private placement for gross proceeds of $2.1 M, including $1.8 M from Sorbie Bornholm LP, a UK based institutional investor (Gran Pilar, Sonora).
Sierra Metals Inc. is to hold a special meeting of shareholders on January 31, 2025, to seek authorization from shareholders to consider a consolidation of all the company’s issued and outstanding common shares on 1 to 20 ratio (Bolivar, Chihuahua).
Heliostar Metals Ltd. entered into an agreement with Triomphe Holdings Ltd. for an initial term of six months and C$120 K, and Investors News Network with a term of three months and C$25 K, for investor relations and communication services (Ana Paula, Guerrero).
Defiance Silver Corp. made a clarification on the engagement of Torrey Hills Capital Inc. to provide investor relation. Torrey is to receive a monthly payment of US$5 K per month for a minimum of four months (Tepal, Michoacan).
Quetzal Copper Corp. announced a non-brokered private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of up to C$3 M (Cristinas, Chihuahua).

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Silver Storm Mining Ltd. released results from drilling at La Parrilla Silver Mine Complex, in Durango. Three high-grade zones within the Central Rosarios at the Rosario mine span 275 m in strike length down to a depth of ~600 m remaining open at depth. Highlighted core length intercepts comprise 1.50 m @ 74 gpt Ag, 2.4% Pb, 3.1% Zn; 1.00 m @ 22 gpt Ag, 0.4% Pb, 4.4% Zn; 0.60 m @ 354 gpt Ag, 0.09% Cu, 5.4% Pb, 2.0% Zn; 1.76 m @ 103 gpt Ag, 1.4% Pb, 1.4% Zn; 4.23 m @ 0.25 gpt Au, 150 gpt Ag, 2.6% Pb, 3.6% Zn (including 1.81 m @ 0.31 gpt Au, 296 gpt Ag, 4.3% Pb, 5.5% Zn).
Mithril Silver and Gold Ltd. provided an update on current drilling the Target 1 area at its Copalquin project in Durango. The first wo holes of this campaign are at the lab, the next on the way to the lab, two more are being logged and sampled and a sixth hole has been commenced. A maiden resource for the Target 1 area is scheduled for the end of Q1 2025. Two more areas are to be drilled once the ongoing municipal road upgrade by the company is completed, which will facilitate the 40,000 m of drilling planned for 2025.
Defiance Silver Inc. announced a mineral resource estimate (MRE) for its Tepal Au-Cu project in Michoacan. The open pit operation model comprises 111.7 M tonnes grading 0.19% Cu, 0.26 gpt Au, 1.55 gpt Ag, containing 473.9 M Lb Cu, 926 K Oz Au, 5.6 M Oz Ag as measured and indicated resources, and 124.4 M grading 0.16% Cu, 0.25 gpt Au, 1.46 gpt Ag, containing 451 M Lb Cu, 985 K Oz Au, 5.8 M Oz Ag. Molybdenum was not included due to insufficient metallurgical testwork, but moly grades are significant and its recovery will be assessed.
Pan American Silver Corp. provided its annual exploration update, including its Mexican operations. At La Colorada, in Zacatecas, 13 new veins have been discovered in the eastern portion of the property. Highlighted true width intercepts comprise 0.95 m @ 9,618 gpt Ag, 4.9% Pb, 4.8% Zn; 2.32 m @ 2,615 gpt Ag, 2.3% Pb, 5.2% Zn; 3.28 m @ 308 gpt Ag, 10.2% Pb, 13.1% Zn. The San Geronimo vein system covers now 550m along the strike by 450m vertical. From May to October almost 48,000 m of drilling have been carried out. At the nearby La Colorada Skarn “infill drilling reinforced confidence in the large, indicated mineral resource updated on June 2024”. Over 11,000 m of infill drilling have been completed since then with highlighted core length intervals comprising 273.1 m @ 54 gpt Ag, 0.8% Pb, 5.2% Zn; 62.55 m @ 84 gpt Ag, 2.0% Pb, 7.6% Zn; 60.25 m @ 85 gpt Ag, 7.0% Pb, 10.4% Zn.
Prime Mining Corp. reported expansion drilling results from its Los Reyes project in Sinaloa. The four holes tested Guadalupe East, on the south-east end of the Guadalupe Trend, and are not included in the mineral resource estimate (MRE) released in October. Highlighted true width intervals comprise 1.25 m @ 3.34 gpt Au, 617 gpt Ag (including 0.65 m @ 6.27 gpt Au, 1,160 gpt Ag); 0.95 m @ 14.25 gpt Au, 2,150 gpt Ag; 0.80 m @ 0.81 gpt Au, 1 gpt Ag; 2.35 m @ 1.80 gpt Au, 272 gpt Ag. The company has expanded its fiscal year 2024 program to 50,000 m from 40,0000 m, with “prioritization of targets on probability of resource development and generative area discovery potential”.
Orla Mining Ltd. provided an update on exploration of the Camino Rojo Extension, now referred to as Zone 22, at its Camino Rojo project in Zacatecas. Highlighted core length intercepts of 11,318 m in thirteen holes comprise: 4.90 m @ 4.54 gpt Au, 7 gpt Ag, 2.08% Zn; 6.60 m @ 1.01 gpt Au, 63 gpt Ag, 1.6% Cu, 0.1% Zn (including 1.20 m @ 3.08 gpt Au, 202 gpt Ag, 4.95% Cu, 0.2% Zn); 2.90 m @ 5.65 gpt Au, 27 gpt Ag, 0.1% Pb, 1.4% Zn; 4.90 m @ 4.54 gpt Au, 7 gpt Ag, 2.1% Zn; 2.70 m @ 30.70 gpt Au, 4 gpt Ag, 1.3% Zn (including 0.60 m @ 140.50 gpt Au, 9 gpt Ag, 0.16% Cu, 5.2% Zn); 2.00 m @ 0.83 gpt Au, 393 gpt Ag, 2.4% Pb, 8.8% Zn; 15.00 m @ 0.93 gpt Au, 25 gpt Ag, 0,91% Cu; 4.50 m @ 5.17 gpt Au, 215 gpt Ag, 0.14% Cu, 3.3% Pb, 4.6% Zn; 2.80 m @ 2.99 gpt Au, 269 gpt Ag, 0.16% Cu, 4.3% Pb, 6.8% Zn. Mineralization extends up to 800 m down-plunge from the resource pit. In addition to Au-Ag-Zn sulfide replacement and skarn mineralization, Zone 22 presents Cu-Au-Ag values associated to a felsic dike intersected primarily in the deepest down-plunge extension area.
Fuerte Metals Corp. reported results from five diamond holes at its Cristina project in Chihuahua. The holes reported are from the Los Ingleses and Mexico Libre vein systems, which returned true width intercepts of: 0.90 m @ 3.40 gpt Au, 6 gpt Ag, 0.1% Zn; 9.00 m @ 1.50 gpt Au, 42 gpt Ag, 0.18% Cu, 0.5% Pb, 2.5% Zn; 17.50 m @ 2.40 gpt Au, 23 gpt Ag, 0.5% Pb, 1.0% Zn (including 7.50 m @ 5.30 gpt Au, 40 gpt Ag, 0.16% Cu, 1.0% Pb, 2.0% Zn); 2.40 m @ 11.90 gpt Au, 69 gpt Ag, 0.25% Cu, 1.9% Pb, 4.0% Zn; 3.00 m @ 8.60 gpt Au, 95 gpt Ag, 0.40% Cu, 1.4% Pb, 6.2% Zn (including 1.80 m @ 14.20 gpt Au, 143 gpt Ag, 0.65% Cu, 2.2% Pb, 9.8% Zn). “Fuerte has now reported thirty holes totalling 7,936.5 metres of drilling as part of a 40-50 hole, 21,000 metre drill program”. An underground resource estimate will follow the completion of the 21,000 m program in Q3 2025.
Vizsla Silver Corp. commenced fully funded and fully permitted test mining and bulk sample program at its Panuco project in Sinaloa. The underground scope includes 1,070 m of ramp development, lateral access and ore extraction from the 460-level zone on the Copala structure, where approximately 10 K tonnes of high-grade material is to be mined. Surface infrastructure to be completed includes construction of portal facilities, access roads and laydown areas.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Elemental Altus Royalties Corp. published the 2024 edition of its Annual Handset Handbook, with information on the production, development and exploration stages royalties (Mercedes, Sonora).
Defiance Silver Corp. announced results from its AGM and the election of Pail A. Smith as director (Tepal, Michoacan; Zacatecas, Zacatecas).
Orla Mining Ltd. announced the appointment of Dr. Silvana Costa as Chief Sustainability Officer (Camino Rojo, Zacatecas).
Enduro Metals Corp. and Commander Resources Ltd. announced its amalgamation agreement pursuant to which Enduro and Commander will combine their operations creating a copper and gold explorer. Commander owns the Pedro project in Durango.
United States Antimony Corp. announced the move of its corporate headquarters to Dallas, Texas, from Thompson Falls, Montana. Additionally, Mr. Gary C. Evans assumed the chief executive role and continues as chairman of the board of directors, Mr. Joe Bardswich takes on the role of executive vice-president and chief mining engineer (Los Juarez, Queretaro).
Almaden Minerals Ltd. informed on the international arbitration proceedings under the comprehensive and progressive agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership with Mexico. “The Claim is being prosecuted pursuant to the established and enforceable legal framework of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. The Company is financing the Claim with up to US$9.5 million in non-recourse litigation funding”. The company and Mexico have appointed an arbitrator to the three-person arbitration panel, and the third and presiding arbitrator has also been appointed, with the first session held in Washington on November 20, 2024. “While the Company is vigorously pursuing this Claim, its preference is for a constructive resolution with Mexico that results in a positive outcome for all stakeholders” (Ixtaca, Puebla).
Luca Mining Corp. announced the appointment of Ramon Medoza Reyes, P. Eng as chief technical officer (Campo Morado, Guerrero).
Zacatecas Silver Corp. announced the results of its annual general meeting (AGM) and the resignation of Mr. John Lewins as a director of the company. Zacatecas Silver is evaluating upcoming exploration plans at the Zacatecas Silver project, that includes the Panuco Deposit, El Cristo vein system, San Gill breccia zone and Muleros zone. The company also holds the Esperanza project in Morelos, with 956 K Oz Au in resources in the measured and indicated categories and 277 K Oz Au as inferred.

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Capstone Copper Corp. published its 2023 sustainability report, highlighting its sustainable development strategy prioritizing climate, water, tailings, biodiversity and communities.

On the image below: Silicifed fault/vein ridges in Sonora. Drone picture by Jorge Cirett.

Almaden Provides Update on Arbitration Process with Mexico

December 12, 2024 / gambusinoprospectormexico / Leave a comment

2024-12-12_almaden provides update on arbitration process with mexico Download

The Mining and Exploration News in Mexico: Highlights on the First Week of December, 2024

December 8, 2024 / gambusinoprospectormexico / Leave a comment

Pillow Lavas

By Miguel A Heredia

During the 49^thweek of the year (December 2^ndto December 8^th 2024), at least 24 press releases were announced by companies working in Mexico, and 3 news published by the media, with eleven disclosing deals and corporate issues, six reporting resources and development of their properties, three communicating production and financial results, three announcing financing rounds, three commenting on Mexican issues, and one informing on exploration results. ON MEXICO ISSUES, Mexican Senators approved the Federal Law of Rights 2025 in particular and now began the analysis and discussion of the Federal Income Law of the following year. Federal government proposed an increase in mining rights in the Federal Rights Law 2025. Impact Silver, Silver Storm, Heliostar, and Torex Gold reported the best drilling intercepts in Mexico on the first week of December, 2024. ON EXPLORATION, In Chihuahua, Kingsmen identified a significant new drill target called Saddle at its 100% owned Las Coloradas project in Chihuahua. ON MINING, Sierra Metals provided production and cost guidance for 2025 for its Bolivar mine in Chihuahua. Minera Alamos reported production results from its Santana mine in Sonora. Gold Resource provided an update on its operational and liquidity status as of December 2, 2024 (Don David Gold Mine, Oaxaca). ON FINANCING, Fortuna announced progress on its share buyback program (San Jose mine, Oaxaca). DynaResource announced the successful repayment of its temporary additional credit line with Ocean Partners Holdings Limited (San Jose de Gracia project, Sinaloa). Minera Alamos closed a bought deal private placement for gross proceeds of CADS $8,499,900 (Santana mine, Sonora). ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Silver Tiger commenced an underground drilling program at its El Tigre project in Sonora. Oroco provided a corporate update regarding its Santo Tomas project in Sinaloa. Impact Silver released results from its ongoing drill program on the Tres Amigos Zone at its Plomosas mine in Chihuahua. Silver Storm announced results from five holes drilled at its Parrilla mine in Durango. Heliostar released additional results from its 2024 drill program at its 100% owned Ana Paula project, Guerrero. Torex Gold reported results from its 2024 El Limon Guajes underground drilling program. ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Apolo Silver provided a corporate update (Cinco de Mayo project, Chihuahua). Regency Silver announced the appointment of a new member to its Board of Directors (Dios Padre project, Sonora). Chesapeake filed appeal upholding the cancellation of the San Vicente 3 mineral concession (Metates project, Durango). Heliostar announced the appointment of Ramon Tomas Dávila Flores to its Board of Directors (Ana Paula project, Guerrero). Oroco Resource provided an update regarding its upcoming annual general meeting scheduled for December 12, 2024 (Santo Tomas project, Sinaloa). Osisko Development announced the appointment of a new member to its Board of Directors (San Antonio Gold project, Sonora). Teck Resources reported the appointment of its Vice President, Investor Relations (San Nicolas project, Zacatecas). Torex communicated three fatalities at the El Limon Guajes underground mine, Guerrero. First Majestic announced the effectiveness of its Registration Statement on Form F-4 related to its acquisition of Gatos Silver, Inc. Gatos Silver communicated date of special meeting of stockholders and filing of definitive proxy statement (Cerro Los Gatos mine, Chihuahua). ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, no relevant news.

ON MEXICO ISSUE

Mexican Senators approved the Federal Law of Rights 2025 in particular and now began the analysis and discussion of the Federal Income Law to increase its collection during 2025 in activities such as mining, immigration services and use of Protected Natural Areas, and also start charging aviation schools and cruise passengers. In the Federal Rights Law 2025, the rate of special mining rights is increased for the following year from 7.5 to 8.5% on the income obtained by the holders of mining concessions derived from the alienation or sale of the extractive activity. In addition, the rate of extraordinary mining rights is raised from 0.5 to 1.0% on the income obtained by mining concessionaires derived from the sale of gold, silver and platinum. The Morena senator, Ochoa Fernández, explained that these increases in mining rights rates are made to address the increase in international metal prices. The fees for the use or exploitation of the 181 Protected Natural Areas (ANP) at the federal level are also raised by 100%.
Federal government proposed an increase in mining rights in the Federal Rights Law 2025, which is about to be approved in the Senate of the Republic. It comes after in 2024 its collection has fallen by almost a third. In January-September 2024, the government collected MXP $6,205.60M (approx USD $305.7M) for special mining rights and extraordinary mining rights, according to the latest quarterly report from the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP) to the Congress of the Union, while in the same period of 2023, the collection of said rights amounted to MXP $9,177.71M pesos (approx USD $452.1M), so this year collection has fallen 32% in real terms. The SHCP proposes to increase the special mining right rate from 7.5 to 8.5% on the income obtained by the holders of mining concessions derived from the alienation or sale of the extractive activity. In addition, it seeks to increase the rate of extraordinary mining rights from 0.5 to 1.0% on the income obtained by mining concessionaires derived from the sale of gold, silver and platinum. For the special right on mining, the federal government has collected MXP $5,422.70M (approx USD $267.1M) in the first nine months of 2024 (an annual drop of 34%), while for the extraordinary right on mining it has obtained MXP $782.9M (approx USD $38.6M) (17% less than in 2023). In addition to these rights, in Mexico two others are charged for this activity: the right for mining concessions and assignments, and also the additional right on mining. No increases are proposed for these two rights. In total for the four rights, the federal government has collected MXP $8,981.80M (approx USD $442.5M) at the end of September 2024, a drop of 26% annually. In the Federal Law of Rights 2025, which will be discussed today in the plenary session of the Senate of the Republic together with the Federal Income Law, the rights charged for immigration services, as well as for the use and use of Protected Natural Areas. The Morena deputy, Alfonso Ramírez Cuéllar, has assured that with these reforms to the Federal Rights Law, “a budget of more than MXP $140,000M (approx USD $6,896.6M)” will be obtained with respect to what is collected from rights in 2024.
Impact Silver Corp., Silver Storm Mining Ltd., Heliostar Metals Limited, and Torex Gold Resources Inc., reported the best drilling intercepts in Mexico on the first week of December, 2024. Details are shown in the table below:

ON EXPLORATION

Kingsmen Resources Ltd., identified a significant new drill target called Saddle at its 100% owned Las Coloradas project in Chihuahua. It is part of its ongoing field reconnaissance in preparation for an upcoming drill program. The Saddle target is situated between two magnetic highs, where a deep wedge of volcanics and sediments, along with veins and structures, are believed to underlie surface precious metal anomalies. The area revealed anomalous values of gold and silver, along with other metals such as copper, lead, and zinc, associated with quartz-carbonate veins. This geochemical anomaly is both within and adjacent to the targets indicated by geophysical surveys. The geophysical data suggests the potential for discovering significant blind mineralization in this area.

ON MINING

Sierra Metals Inc., provided production and cost guidance for 2025 for its Bolivar mine in Chihuahua. The company expects to produce between 25.1M-27.4M Lb Cu, 680K-740K Oz Ag, and 7.4K-8.1K Oz Au at cash and AISC of $2.64-$2.77 and $3.45-$3.62 per Lb CuEq respectively.
Minera Alamos Inc., reported production results from its Santana mine in Sonora (All currency reported is Canadian dollars). In Q3, 2024, the company staked 3,800 Oz Au on the leach pad. As of September 30, 2024, recoverable gold inventory on the leach pad totaled 8,199 Oz Au. Subsequent to the quarter end, mining and stacking activities continued to increase with a total of 1,788 Oz Au mined in the month of October, of which 1,585 Oz Au were stacked on the heap leach pad with the remainder stockpiled for crushing prior to placement on the heap leach pad. The average grade of mineralized material mined during Q3-2024 (and October) was 0.60 g/t. The company also reported deferred revenue of $3.45M in exchange for the sale of 1,000 Oz Au; loss from the re-start of mine operations of $436.2K; and cash and cash equivalents of $5.96M.
Gold Resource Corporation provided an update on its operational and liquidity status as of December 2, 2024. The company reported improvements in production at the Don David Gold Mine, Oaxaca during November, attributed to effective mine planning and resolution of previous operational issues. This led to slightly better than break-even cash flow for the month, aided by high metal prices and a favorable exchange rate. Despite these improvements, the company expressed concerns about its available cash balance and indicated that additional funding is necessary for mining equipment, mill upgrades, and working capital to support future production in the Three Sisters and Splay 31 areas. Without this capital, the company anticipates challenges in maintaining break-even cash flow beyond the first quarter of 2025. Additionally, Gold Resource Corporation identified an overpayment of approximately USD $3.8M in Mexican taxes for 2023 and has submitted a refund request, expected to be processed in 2025, although the timing remains uncertain.

ON FINANCING

Fortuna Mining Corp., announced progress on its share buyback program. It has repurchased an aggregate of 6,402,640 common shares on the open market of the New York Stock Exchange. Shares were repurchased at a weighted-average price of $4.77 per common share for a total gross amount of $30,529,066, excluding brokerage fees; these shares will be cancelled. To date, the Company has repurchased 41.88 percent of the 15,287,201 shares it is authorized to repurchase under the Normal Course Issuer Bid (San Jose mine, Oaxaca).
DynaResource Inc., announced the successful repayment of its temporary additional credit line (TACL) with Ocean Partners Holdings Limited. The company recently fulfilled its obligation to repay USD $4M TACL due November 30, 2024, payable alongside USD $5.85M outstanding balance of the revolving credit line (RCL). Upon full repayment of the TACL and RCL, the maximum principal amount under the RCL was increased to USD $12.5M. The company has drawn down USD $9.85M, with interest accruing at the same rate as the ongoing and outstanding RCL with Ocean Partner (San Jose de Gracia project, Sinaloa).
Minera Alamos Inc., closed a bought deal private placement for gross proceeds of CADS $8,499,900 by selling 28,333,000 common shares at a price of CAD $0.30 per common share. Net proceeds will be used to fund the expansion and development of its Santana open-pit, heap-leach mine in Sonora, to fund the exploration and development activities at its Cerro de Oro Project in northern Zacatecas and for working capital and general corporate purposes.

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Silver Tiger Metals Inc., commenced an underground drilling program at its El Tire project in Sonora, focusing on high-grade vein, sulfide, and shale zones. The company aims to deliver a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for the underground component by the first half of 2025. This initiative follows the successful completion of the near-surface open pit portion of the project, highlighting the significant exploration potential in the area, which is estimated to contain 10 to 12M tonnes at 225 to 265 g/t AgEq, equating to 73 to 100M Oz AgEq.
Oroco Resources Corp., provided a corporate update regarding its Santo Tomas project in Sinaloa, highlighting ongoing preparations for Phase 2 technical work. The project has shown a compelling economic case with a 22.6-year Life of Mine and a post-tax NPV of USD $1.48 B. The company is closely monitoring legal and regulatory changes in Mexico, particularly under the new administration of President Claudia Sheinbaum, to ensure continued support for its mining activities. Key initiatives include defining community investment opportunities, expanding technical programs for updated resource estimates, specifically including elevated resource classifications and an expanded Indicated Resource at South Zone sufficient to support a PFS-level technical report, and enhancing shareholder engagement. The update emphasizes Oroco’s positive outlook for the project’s future development and its potential as a capital-efficient, large-scale copper project.
Impact Silver Corp., released results from its ongoing drill program on the Tres Amigos Zone at its Plomosas mine in Chihuahua. Drilling highlights are shown in the table below:

All these Tres Amigos area drillholes are beyond the current active mining area and lie outside the JORC mineral resource. The Tres Amigos Zone remains open for exploration and drilling is continuing.

Silver Storm Mining Ltd., announced results from five holes drilled at the Norte-Sur Zone, within the Quebradillas mine within its Parrilla mine in Durango. Drilling highlights are shown in the table below:

The current drill results, when combined with historical holes drilled by First Majestic, are expected to have a positive impact on future Mineral Resources.

Heliostar Metals Ltd., released additional results from its 2024 drill program at its 100% owned Ana Paula project, Guerrero. Drilling highlights are shown in the table below:

Results continue to expand the High Grade Panel (HGP) and locally increase grades.

Torex Gold Resources Inc., reported results from its 2024 El Limon Guajes (ELG) underground drilling program. Drilling highlights are shown in the table below:

The results to date support the company’s target of extending the mine life of ELG underground by identifying new zones of higher-grade mineralization, expanding resources, and replacing and growing reserves.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Apolo Silver Corp., provided a corporate update, highlighting significant developments in 2024. The company successfully optioned the high-grade Cinco de Mayo Silver Project in Chihuahua and completed a CAD $13.5M financing, bolstering its treasury. To satisfy the option, and acquire a 100% interest in Cinco de Mayo, the company must first obtain the necessary licensing and permits to access the property and conduct mining activities on Cinco de Mayo, followed by completing no less than 20,000m of exploration drilling within five years. New leadership was added to strengthen the board and management team. The company is focused on advancing its silver exploration and resource development projects while maintaining strong community relations and securing necessary permits for operations at Cinco de Mayo project.
Regency Silver Corp., announced the appointment of a new member to its Board of Directors (Dios Padre project, Sonora).
Chesapeake Gold Corp., filed an appeal with the Collegiate Court in Mexico against a decision by the North Center III and Auxiliary Regional Chamber of the Federal Court of Administrative Justice, which upheld the cancellation of the San Vicente 3 mineral concession by the Dirección General de Minas (DGM). The company argued that the Chamber incorrectly determined that the DGM followed the required cancellation procedures, claiming this violated their fundamental rights, including due process and effective judicial protection (Metates project, Durango).
Heliostar Metals Limited announced the appointment of Ramon Tomas Dávila Flores with immediate effect to its Board of Directors (Ana Paula project, Guerrero).
Oroco Resource Corp., provided an update regarding its upcoming annual general meeting (AGM) scheduled for December 12, 2024. Due to a Canada Post strike, the meeting materials have been made available online, and shareholders are encouraged to access them directly. Shareholders can vote by proxy, with a deadline set for December 10, 2024 (Santo Tomas project, Sinaloa).
Osisko Development Corp., announced the appointment of a new member to its Board of Directors (San Antonio Gold project, Sonora).
Teck Resources Limited reported the appointment of its Vice President, Investor Relations effective December 1, 2024 (San Nicolas project, Zacatecas).
Torex Gold Resources Inc., regretfully communicated three fatalities at the El Limon Guajes underground mine, Guerrero. During the day shift on December 5th, a fatal carbon monoxide gas exposure occurred, which claimed the lives of two employees and one contractor at the El Limón Guajes underground mine. A fourth contract employee was also in the area and is currently in hospital and expected to recover. Underground have been suspended and an investigation to determine the cause of the accident will commence shortly.
First Majestic Silver Corp., announced the effectiveness of its Registration Statement on Form F-4 related to its acquisition of Gatos Silver, Inc. A special meeting for First Majestic shareholders is scheduled for January 14, 2025, to approve the issuance of common shares to Gatos stockholders. The record date for this meeting is November 25, 2024, and meeting materials are expected to be sent out around December 9, 2024. However, some Canadian shareholders may experience delays due to a Canada Post labour dispute. Both First Majestic and Gatos require shareholder approvals for the transaction, which is anticipated to close in early 2025, subject to certain conditions. The announcement also includes important information for investors regarding the transaction and the necessary documentation that will be available for review.
Gatos Silver Inc., communicated a special meeting of stockholders scheduled for January 14, 2025, to discuss the proposed merger with First Majestic Silver Corp. and filing of definitive proxy statement. The Board of Directors of Gatos Silver recommends that stockholders vote in favor of the merger. First Majestic shareholders will also hold a meeting on the same day to approve the issuance of shares related to the transaction. The merger is expected to close in early 2025, pending necessary approvals. Additionally, Gatos Silver plans to send out meeting materials to stockholders around December 6, 2024, although some deliveries may be affected by a labor dispute in Canada. The announcement includes important information for investors regarding the transaction and encourages them to read the relevant documents filed with regulatory authorities (Cerro Los Gatos mine, Chihuahua).

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

No relevant news.

Content like what you have just read can be seen at https://gambusinoprospector.com/ and at LinkedIn’s Mexico Mineral Exploration Group.

On the picture above, pillow lavas from the Chilitos Formation in the famous mining district of Zacatecas, Mexico. Photo taken by Miguel A Heredia.

The Mining and Exploration News in Mexico: Highlights on the Fourth Week of November 2024

December 1, 2024 / Gambusino Prospector / Leave a comment

By Jorge Cirett

During the 48th week of the year (November 25th to December 1st, 2024), companies working in Mexico posted at least 26 press releases. One company informed on exploration advances at its property, six companies presented quarterly results, six more informed on financing rounds, one released shares from escrow, one informed on dividends, one more on resumption of trading, one on the expiration of warrants, four companies updated on drilling programs and one on technical reports for its properties, two companies held their AGM’s, two more informed on contracting advertising services and two more announced appointments to the board. ON MEXICO ISSUES, taxes on the production of gold, silver and platinum have been increased by 1.5%. ON EXPLORATION, In Sonora, Tocvan Ventures announced drilling programs for Pilar and Gran Pilar projects. ON MINING, Santacruz Silver Mining, Orogen Royalties, Bear Creek Mining, Impact Silver, Luca Mining and Royalties Inc. released Q3 production results. ON FINANCING, Silver Storm Mining amended its previously completed private placement. Mithril Silver and Gold informed shares are to be released from escrow. Sailfish Royalty declared a dividend. Southern Silver Exploration announced a private placement for C$2.2 M, Sonora Gold another for C$0.5 M, Tocvan Ventures raised C$3 M and Regency Silver closed a first tranche financing for C$1.3 M. Endeavour Silver completed its prospectus offering for US$72.8 M. Silver Storm Mining resumed trading at the TSX. Vizsla Royalties informed on the expiration of warrants. Guanajuato Silver Company entered into an equity distribution agreement to issue up to C$7.5 M in shares. ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Fuerte Metals reported drilling results from Cristina, in Chihuahua. Guanajuato Silver Company updated on drilling and development at Pinguico, in Guanajuato. Heliostar Metals released drilling results from La Colorada, in Sonora. Silver Storm Mining completed an underground drilling program at La Parrilla, in Durango. Prime Mining filed a technical report with an updated MRE for Los Reyes, in Sinaloa. Defiance Silver updated on technical report work for its Tepal and Zacatecas projects in Michoacan and Zacatecas, respectively. ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Silver Storm Mining and GR Silver Mining contracted advertising services. Quetzal Copper and Orex Minerals announced appointments to the board. Silver Storm mining announced its AGM’s date. Elemental Altus Royalties announced AGM’s results. ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, no relevant news.

ON MEXICO ISSUES

The Deputies Chamber commission on fiscal matters approved a reform to increase the tax on mining, migration and use of protected land. The bill increases the mining special duty from 7.0 to 8.5% on income obtained from production of gold, silver and platinum.

ON EXPLORATION

Tocvan Ventures Corp. is to mobilize a diamond drill rig to the 105 ha Pilar project (51/49 Tocvan/Colibri) in Sonora. The program will focus in the Main Zone to produce a robust geological model for resource estimation. Additionally, an up to 2,000 m RC drill program is to test the 100% Tocvan controlled 2,100 ha expansion area (Gran Pilar). The next round of permitting will include extraction and processing of 50 K tonnes of bulk test mining scheduled for 2025. Total cost of the pilot facility including the extraction and processing of 50 k tonnes is expected to be US$1.7 M, with the recovery of 800 – 1,400 Oz Au and 5 K Oz Ag.

ON MINING

Santacruz Silver Mining Ltd. reported its financial and operating results for Q3, 2024, without expanding on figures from its Mexican operations. The company had US$78.2 M in revenue, had cash equivalents of US$18.2 M and a working capital of US$24.2 M (Zimpan, Hidalgo).
Orogen Royalties Inc. reported financial results for the third quarter of 2024. Royalty of C$2.1 M was earned with 614 Oz AuEq attributable, net income before tax of C$254.5 K, G&A expenses of C$1 M, cashflow of C$948 K and working capital of C$23.5 M. The revenue was generated from the Ermitaño property in Sonora, operated by First Majestic Silver, where Orogen holds a 2% NSR. During the quarter 259.9 K tonnes were processed averaging 3.50 gpt Au, 68 gpt Ag with recoveries of 94% Au, 66% Ag.
Bear Creek Mining Corp. reported its consolidated financial results for Q3 2024. At Mercedes, in Sonora, 103.9 K tonnes were mined, 102.5 K tonnes processed, averaging 3.40 gpt Au, recovering 96% Au, to produce 10,751 Oz Au, 76.9 K Oz Ag at cash cost $1,285 per Oz Au and an AISC of $1,697 per Oz Au. During the period the company obtained revenue of US$29.7 M, a gross profit of US$5.9 M, comprehensive earnings (loss) after taxes of US$(7.0) M and held US$7.7 M in cash and short-term investments. “Expenditures on exploration drilling during the quarter totaled $0.5 million and underground delineation drilling expenses totaled $1.34 million”.
Impact Silver Corp. announced its financial and operating results for the third quarter 2024. At Zacualpan, in Estado de Mexico, 32.9 K tonnes were processed grading 160 gpt Ag, to produce 152.1 K Oz Ag, 176 Oz Au. At Plomosas, in Chihuahua, 12.7 K tonnes were processed in Q3, with no more details given. For the first nine months of the year Plomosas grade was 47.2 gpt Ag, 7.9% Pb, 12.7% Zn, to produce 22 K Oz Ag, 344 tonnes Pb, 1,770 tonnes Zn in concentrate. After 18 months of rehabilitation, at the end of the quarter production stood at 70% of mill capacity. Revenue was $8.6 M, with a net loss of $1.2 M, a cash position of $6.4 M working capital of $7.1 M and no long-term debt.
Luca Mining Corp. reported its financial results for Q3 2024. Consolidated production from the Campo Morado (Guerrero) and Tahuehueto (Durango) mines during the period included 153 K tonnes mined, 151.2 K tonnes milled at an average rate of 1,758 tpd, averaging 1.63 gpt Au, 72.2 gpt Ag, 0.69% Cu, 0.66% Pb, 2.18% Zn, recovering 45.5% Au, 45.2% Ag, 78.6% Cu, 52.3% Pb, 80.8% Zn, to produce 3,604 Oz Au, 158.8 K Oz Ag, 1.8 M Lbs Cu, 1.1 M Lb Pb, 5.9 M Lb Zn, at cash cost $1,877 per Oz AuEq, an AISC of $2,337 per Oz AuEq and an All-in cost of $2,364 per Oz AuEq. Net quarterly revenue was US$18.1 M, EBITDA was (US$1.1M), mine operating cash flow before taxes US$2.4 M. The Campo Morado improvement project is making “excellent progress”, with a 2,000 tpd rate on track a copper recovery of over 80%. In the next few months separate zinc, copper and bulk concentrates (Pb+Au+Ag) will be produced. Ramp up and commissioning is starting to meet objective levels of +800 tpd. A 5,000 m drilling campaign in 26 underground holes is in progress. The company expects to be debt free by 2026.
Royalties Inc. reported its results for the third quarter 2024. On Mexico, the company reported the intention to monetize the Bilbao property in Zacatecas, ideally by selling to an existing silver producer, and the intention to achieve success in the lawsuit against Capstone Gold, a subsidiary of Capstone Copper, to properly recognize and make payments on the 2% NSR on the five Portree claims, in production since 2020 as part of the Cozamin mine in Zacatecas.

ON FINANCING

Silver Storm Mining Ltd. amended its previously completed private placement: “The total number of common shares of the Company issued pursuant to the Offering totaled 35,392,610, rather than the previously stated amount of 35,317,610. The number of common share purchase warrants issued totaled 17,696,305, versus the previously stated amount of 17,658,805. Cash finders’ fees paid pursuant to the Offering totaled $124,990 rather than the $133,990 previously stated. The number of finders’ warrants issued totaled 620,700 as opposed to the previously stated amount of 670,950. As such, Red Cloud Securities Inc. received $2,100 cash finder’s fees and 10,500 finder’s warrants, and Canaccord Genuity Corp. received 242,700 finder’s warrants.” (La Parrilla, Durango).
Mithril Silver and Gold Ltd. confirmed that 500 K ordinary shares in the company are to be released from voluntary escrow on December 3, 2024 (Copalquin, Durango).
Sailfish Royalty Corp. declared the company’s third quarterly dividend for 2024, of US$0.0125 per common share, payable on January 15, 2025. Sailfish also announced the settling of US$205 K in interest accrued to November 24, 2024 through the issuance of 188.6 K shares, subject to TSX approval (Gavilanes, Durango).
Southern Silver Exploration Corp. is to undertake a non-brokered private placement for gross proceeds of C$2.2 M. The funds will be used for the advancement of its Cerro Las Minitas project in Durango.
Sonoro Gold Corp. announced a non-brokered private placement offering for gross proceeds of CAD $500 K. The net proceeds are to be used development of Cerro Caliche, in Sonora.
Endeavour Silver Corp. announced the completion of its prospectus offering announced on November 20, 2024 for gross proceeds of US$72.8 M. “The Offering was led by BMO Capital Markets, together with a syndicate of underwriters consisting of CIBC World Markets Inc., TD Securities Inc., Ventum Financial Corp. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.” Proceeds are to be used on the advancement of the Pitarrila project in Durango.
Silver Storm Mining Ltd. announced the resumption of trading of its shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on November 28, 2024 (La Parrilla, Durango).
Vizsla Royalties Corp. reminds holders of outstanding common share purchase warrants issued on June 24, 2024, that the warrants will expire on December 20, 2024 (Panuco, Sinaloa).
Regency Silver Corp. completed the first tranche of a previously announced non brokered private placement for total proceeds of C$1.27 M (Dios Padre, Sonora).
Tocvan Ventures Corp. arranged a non-brokered private placement for gross proceeds of up to C$3 M, including C$1.8 M from an institutional investor. Proceeds are to be used on the Gran Pilar project, in Sonora. “The Units issued to the Investor under the Institutional Offering will be subject to the terms of an escrow agreement. The Company will receive $75,000 per month from the closing date of the Institutional Offering over the next 24 months….. The Investor will receive a corporate finance fee of $126,000, payable via the issuance of 262,500 Common Shares and related Warrants” (Pilar, Sonora).
Guanajuato Silver Company Ltd. entered into an equity distribution agreement with Research Capital Corp. to establish an at-the-market equity program. The company may issue up to C$7.5 in common shares under the program. “The Company will pay the Agent a commission of 2.5% of the gross offering proceeds from each sale of Offered Shares..” (El Cubo, San Ignacio and Valenciana Mines Complex, Guanajuato).

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Fuerte Metals Corp. reported results from five holes at its Cristina project in Chihuahua. “Fuerte has now reported twenty-five holes totalling 6,976.5 metres of drilling as part of a 40-50 hole, 21,000 metre drill program.” Highlighted core length intervals comprise 0.7 m @ 2.30 gpt Au, 134 gpt Ag, 0.11% Cu, 1.4% Pb, 8.8% Zn; 10.5 m @ 1.40 gpt Au, 19 gpt Ag (including 1.2 m @ 8.60 gpt Au, 21 gpt Ag); 0.4 m @ 8.20 gpt Au, 39 gpt Ag, 1.1% Pb, 1.3% Zn; 2.8 m @ 1.20 gpt Au, 88 gpt Ag, 0.24% Cu, 1.5% Pb, 5.0% Zn; 0.5 m @ 2.00 gpt Au, 323 gpt Ag, 0.94% Cu, 5.9% Pb, 18.0% Zn; 1.5 m @ 1.60 gpt Au, 54 gpt Ag, 0.16% Cu, 1.6% Pb, 3.5% Zn; 3.7 m @ 1.20 gpt Au, 6 gpt Ag, 0.2% Zn; 3.3 m @ 1.00 gpt Au, 61 gpt Ag, 0.20% Cu, 0.7% Pb, 2.3% Zn; 2.6 m @ 1.60 gpt Au, 10 gpt Ag, 0.4% Pb, 1.4% Zn; 1.1 m @ 3.40 gpt Au, 150 gpt Ag, 0.21% Cu, 8.5% Pb, 4.8% Zn; 21.0 m @ 0.20 gpt Au, 8 gpt Ag, 0.2% Pb, 0.6% Zn. The company is aiming to produce a new mineral resource estimate based on underground mining for Q3 2025.
Guanajuato Silver Company Ltd. updated on drilling and development programs at its Pinguico property in Guanajuato. A total of 446 m were drilled in three holes at the San Jose vein, with highlighted intervals comprising 0.70 m @ 0.75 gpt Au, 94 gpt Ag; 0.65 m @ 0.77 gpt Au, 55 gpt Ag; 0.75 m @ 1.26 gpt Au, 85 gpt Ag; 1.16 m @ 1.18 gpt Au, 51 gpt Ag; 0.45 m @ 0.87 gpt Au, 55 gpt Ag; 1.20 m @ 0.72 gpt Au, 95 gpt Ag; 0.85 m @ 2.04 gpt Au, 124 gpt Ag. The first drill hole in the property to intersect the Veta Madre structure intercepted 60 m of a highly altered deformation zone, with an interval of 1.13 m @ 0.56 gpt Au, 2 gpt Ag in a quartz stockwork. Underground mining continued at Pinguico, with the aim of reaching in Q2 2025 the historical underground backfill stockpile with an indicated resource of 25.6 K tonnes @ 1.67 gpt Au, 166 gpt Ag. Development production during the quarter contributed 2.6 K tonnes @ 1.19 gpt Au, 102 gpt Ag (203 gpt AgEq).
Heliostar Metals Ltd. announced results from 3,257 m of drilling in 24 holes at La Colorada, in Sonora. La Colorada ceased production in September 2023 and is currently producing gold from residual leaching. The company is evaluating the potential to restart mining in 2025, hence the drill program to expand the mineral reserve, targeting shallow zones to the east and west of the Creston Pit. The results show narrow to wide, low to high grade oxide gold intercepts hosted in three veins: the North, Intermediate and South Veins and are surrounded by smaller mineralized vein zones. Highlighted true width intercepts comprise 11.85 m @ 1.71 gpt Au, 22 gpt Ag (including 1.25 m @ 13.10 gpt Au, 20 gpt Ag); 16.07 m @ 0.34 gpt Au, 69 gpt Ag; 4.10 m @ 2.27 gpt Au, 4 gpt Ag; 11.70 m @ 2.22 gpt Au, 5 gpt Ag (including 2.70 m @ 8.79 gpt Au, 5 gpt Ag); 4.50 m @ 18.50 gpt Au, 20 gpt Ag; 31.40 m @ 1.24 gpt Au, 5 gpt Ag; 14.50 m @ 1.69 gpt Au, 5 gpt Ag (including 1.25 m @ 16.60 gpt Au, 14 gpt Ag); 4.75 m @ 0.49 gpt Au, 158 gpt Ag.
Silver Storm Mining Ltd. completed its underground drilling program at La Parrilla, in Durango. A total of 18,682 m was drilled, with 12,265 m reported to date. “Upon completion of the QA/QC as well as interpretation, the additional 6,417 m will be reported over the coming weeks”. Completion of a new resource estimate update is targeted for January 2025.
Prime Mining Corp. filed a technical report with the updated mineral resource estimate for its Los Reyes project in Sinaloa. The resources have been divided in: Open Pit Milled Resources with 1.27 M Oz AuEq (24.7 M tonnes @ 1.60 gpt AuEq) as indicated resources and 335 K Oz Au (7.2 M tonnes @ 1.45 AuEq) as inferred resources; Underground Milled Resources of 664 K Oz AuEq (4.1 M tonnes @ 5.00 gpt AuEq) as indicated resources and 406 K Oz AuEq (4.1 M tonnes @ 3.12 gpt AuEq) as inferred resources; Open Pit Heap Leach Resources with 261 K Oz AuEq as indicated resources and 76 K Oz Au as inferred resources. Total indicated resources add up to 49 M tonnes @ 0.95 gpt Au, 34.2 gpt Ag (1.39 gpt AuEq) containing 1.49 M Oz Au, 54 M Oz Ag (or 2.19 M Oz AuEq) and inferred resources to 17.2 M tonnes @ 0.97 gpt Au, 39 gpt Ag (or 1.48 gpt AuEq), containing 538 K Oz Au, 21.6 M Oz Ag (or 817 K Oz AuEq). Five drill rigs are currently active at Los Reyes, with the 2024 drill program extended from 40,000 to 50,000 m, and focusing on extending high-grade shoots and connecting between deposits and generative target drilling for high-grade at Las Primas, Mariposa, Fresnillo, Mina and other areas.
Defiance Silver Corp. updated on technical reports for its projects. At Tepal, in Michoacan, the company is preparing a new technical report including a new mineral resource estimate (MRE). A new PEA is to follow the release of the MRE during the course of 2025. At San Acacio, in Zacatecas, a revised technical report is being prepared. More than 25,400 m of drilling have been completed at San Acacio since the 2014 technical report, which did not comply with NI-43-101 standards. The drilling and extensive surface geological and structural mapping and surface soil sampling of the entire project are to be incorporated into current geological and resource models to prepare a mineral resource estimate and report a technical report for the Zacatecas project by mid-December.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Silver Storm Mining Ltd. entered into an advertisement’s services agreement with Peter Epstein for an initial term of six months, subject to renewal or cancellation. “The Company has previously convened a three-month trial with Mr. Epstein from April 1, 2024 to June 30, 2024 for the same services mentioned above …” (La Parrilla, Durango).
Quetzal Copper Corp. announced Ms. Lisa Thompson is joining the board of directors. At the same time John Fraser is departing from the board (Cristinas, Chihuahua).
Silver Storm Mining Ltd. is to hold its annual general meeting (AGM) on January 25, 2024 (La Parrilla, Durango).
GR Silver Mining Ltd. has engaged the services of ICP Securities Inc. to provide automated market making services under which ICP will be paid a monthly fee of $7,500 plus taxes (Plomosas, Sinaloa).
Elemental Altus Royalties Corp. announced results from its annual general meeting (Mercedes, Sonora).
Orex Minerals Inc. announced the appointment of Mr. Rakesh Malhotra as CFO. Ross Wilmot will be resigning as CFO and as a director of the company (Sandra, Durango).

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

No Relevant News.

On the image below: Drilling under the scarp, in Sonora. Drone picture by Jorge Cirett.

The Mining and Exploration News in Mexico: Highlights on the Second Week of November 2024

November 17, 2024 / Gambusino Prospector / Leave a comment

By Jorge Cirett

During the 46^thweek of the year (November 11^th to November 17^th,2024), companies working in Mexico posted at least 24 press releases. Two companies informed on exploration advances at their properties, ten companies presented quarterly results and one other actualized its production forecast for the second half of 2024. Two companies released drilling results from their advanced properties, with one also providing channel sample results. One company announced a private placement probably to be used on properties in Mexico, two more companies with properties in Mexico announced financing rounds to be applied outside from Mexico and a royalties company signed a lending agreement. Two companies updated on exploration and drill results from their advanced properties, and one more company informed on its evaluation on the keeping or disinvestment on an advanced property. One company updated on legal proceedings on the cancellation of a key concession, one more held its AGM and other two informed on operating issues impacting a silverstream. ON MEXICO ISSUES most of the concentrate end-dump trailers hijacked from the Peñasquito mine were recovered empty. Two miners are dead, five unaccounted for in a mine cave-in in Sinaloa. ON EXPLORATION, In Sonora, Tocvan Ventures provided exploration results from Pilar (Gran Pilar?). In Chihuahua, Kingsmen Resources announced a drilling program at Las Coloradas. ON MINING, Gatos Silver, Mag Silver, Orla Mining, SilverCrest Metals, Discovery Silver, Avino Silver, Prime Mining, Sailfish Royalty, Dyna Resource and US Antimony, released Q3 production results and Heliostar Metals released its forecast on production for H2 2024. ON FINANCING, Apollo Silver and Osisko Development closed private placements for C$13.5 M and US$57.5 M respectively. Orex Minerals completed a warrants exercise program, Elemental Altus Royalties amended a credit facility. ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Osisko Development is awaiting on a permit to operate its San Antonio project in Sonora, and evaluating the sale of the asset. Endeavour Silver updated on exploration and development at Pitarrilla, in Durango. Torex Gold released results from resource upgrading drilling at EPO, in Guerrero. ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Chesapeake Gold updated on legal proceedings on the cancellation of a key mining concession at its Metates project in Durango. GR Silver held its AGM. Fresnillo plc and Industrias Peñoles are resolving issues arising from operational challenges that affect a silverstream. ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, Discovery Silver released its 2023 ESG report.

ON MEXICO ISSUES

Nine of the eleven hijacked end-dump trailers carrying concentrate from the Peñasquito mine in Zacatecas were recovered empty on a dirt road in Durango. No detentions were made (How on this Earth can you disappear 240 tonnes of concentrate that can only be processed in a few sites in the country, and the export ports being controlled by the Navy? Yes, it is a rhetoric question).
Five miners were trapped by a cave-in at a mine in Badiraguato, Sinaloa. Two persons are presumed dead and the fate of another three to five is unclear.

ON EXPLORATION

Kingsmen Resources Ltd. announced a diamond drill program for its 850 ha Las Coloradas project in Chihuahua. The company selected three principal target areas, the Mine, Aguilar and Leona on the Soledad structure. “The Mine target includes the old Las Coloradas mine on the SE end of the Soledad structure/vein system, and adjacent mineralized structures. The Leona target covers an area of old high grade workings approximately 530 meters long on the NW end of the Soledad II structure. The Aguilar target covers an area of old high grade workings approximately 250 meters long on the NW end of the Soledad structure/vein system”.
Tocvan Ventures Corp. provided exploration results from its Gran Pilar project in Sonora , adjacent to its Pilar project). A total of 541 soil samples have been collected in the project, returning up to 21.2 gpt Au, >2,000 gpt Ag, 0.62% Cu, 12.7% Pb, 2,3% Zn. “ …. zones of significant and consistently high values of gold have been identified showing several kilometers of prospective trend that remains open to the east for further expansion”.

ON MINING

Gatos Silver Inc. announced third quarter 2024 financial and operating results. At Cerro Los Gatos (70% Gatos Silver, 30% Dowa Metals and Mining Co.), in Chihuahua, 298.6 K tonnes were milled in the period at a rate of 3,246 tpd, averaging 285 gpt Ag, 4.0% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.30 gpt Au, to produce 2.42 M Oz Ag, 1,450 Oz Au, 11.4 M Lb Pb, 16.5 M Lb Zn (3.84 M Oz AgEq). By-product cash cost was $3.69 per Oz Ag and the by-product AISC $9.61 per Oz Ag. During the quarter Gatos Silver and First Majestic Silver Corp. entered into a definitive merger agreement.
Mag Silver Corp. announced unaudited consolidated financial results for Q3 2024. A total of 332.3 K tonnes of ore grading 481 gpt AgEq was processed at Juanicipio, in Zacatecas, producing 4.9 M Oz Ag, 7.1 M Oz AgEq, at negative cash cost of $0.12 per Oz Ag ($8.38 per Oz AgEq) and an AISC of $3.28 per Oz Ag ($10.83 per Oz AgEq), generating US$109.9 M in operating cash flow and US$96.9 M in free cash flow (Mag’s share on the Juanicipio JV is 44%). During the period Mag Silver entered into an earn-in and option exploration agreement in which Apollo Silver Corp. can acquire the Cinco de Mayo property in Chihuahua.
Orla Mining Ltd. announced results for the third quarter of 2024. Production at Camino Rojo in Zacatecas was 43,788 Oz Au during the period at cash cost $482 per Oz Au and an AISC of $720 per Oz Au. Average mining rate was 52 K tpd, with 18.4 K tonnes of ore stacked averaging 0.93 gpt Au. A 30,000 m drilling program is underway to test and expand mineralization beneath existing resources. “….. results confirm the presence of flat-lying (mantos) and steep sulphide replacement-style mineralization, along with skarn-type alteration, extending at least 500 meters down plunge from the existing resource”. Net income was US$21.1 M and cash flow from operating activities US$52.0 M. In October the outstanding balance of US$58.4 M was repaid on its revolving credit facility of US$283.4 M. The company elevated the 2024 production guidance to 130,000 to 140,000 Oz Au. At the end of the period net cash was US$122.5 M.
SilverCrest Metals Inc. released financial results for Q3 2024. At Las Chispas, in Sonora, 4.4 km of development were completed, 124.2 K tonnes were mined at a rate of 1,350 tpd, 121.8 K tonnes milled, averaging 3.87 gpt Au, 366 gpt Ag (or 674 gpt AgEq), recovering 98.5% Au, 98.3% Ag to produce 14,928 Oz Au, 1.41 M Oz Ag (or 2.66 M Oz AgEq) at cash cost $8.85 per Oz AgEq and an AISC of $13.72 per Oz AgEq. Revenue in the period was US$80.4 M, an operating cash flow of US$44.2 M and free cash flow of US$36.2 M. SilverCrest had US$158.2 M by the end of September. In October the acquisition of Silver Crest Metals by Coeur Mining Inc. was announced.
Discovery Silver Corp. announced financial results for Q3 2024. At the end of the period the company had a net loss of C$5.3 M, 397.7 M shares outstanding, cash and cash equivalents of C$33.4 M, total assets of C$125.1 M, liabilities for C$6.2 M and a working capital of C$30.9 M (Cordero, Chihuahua).
Avino Silver & Gold Mines Ltd. announced its consolidated financial results for the third quarter of 2024. During the period the company processed 156.5 K tonnes of ore to produce 281.8 K Oz Ag, 1,625 Oz Au, 1.77 M Lb Cu (or 670.9 K Oz AgEq) at its Avino mine in Durango. Revenues were US$14.6 M, mining operating income of US$5.7 M, net income of US$1.2 M, EBITDA of US$3.8 M, cash flow from operations of US$4.1 M and a mine operating cash flow before taxes of US$6.7 M. At the end of the period the company had US$7.8 M in cash and working capital of US$15.9 M. Guidance remains on track to produce 2.5 M to 2.8 M Oz AgEq in 2024. Avino continued to process historical stockpiles from the nearby La Preciosa project: “as part of a sampling program to better prepare for fresh mill feed. Initial recoveries from the lower-grade material were better than expected and provide for potential upside as the project moves forward”. The operations team is in the final stages for approval to move forward with underground development at La Preciosa.
Prime Mining Corp. reported its operating and financial results for Q3 2024. During the period the company announced the update of an open pit constrained resource at Los Reyes, in Sinaloa, of 49 M tonnes @ 0.95 gpt Au, 34.2 gpt Ag, containing 1.49 M Oz Au, 54 M Oz Ag (or 2.19 M Oz AuEq) in indicated resources and 17.2 M tonnes @ 0.97 gpt Au, 39 gpt Ag, containing 0.54 M Oz Au, 21.6 M Oz Ag (or 0.82 M Oz AuEq) in inferred resources. Prime Mining reported Loss and comprehensive loss of C$16.2 M, total assets of C$35.2 M, liabilities of C$0.9 M and total liabilities of C$1.7 M, with cash at the end of the quarter of C$21.2 M. Four drilling rigs are currently active at Los Reyes.
Sailfish Royalty Corp. announced operating and financial results for the third quarter 2024. Sailfish has no operations in Mexico, but holds 100% in the Gavilanes project in Durango.
Dyna Resource Inc. reported results for its third quarter 2024. During the period 61 K tonnes were mined at a rate of 663 tpd at its San Jose de Gracia project in Sinaloa, milling 61.9 K tonnes at a rate of 663 tpd, grading 3.78 gpt Au, recovering 75.4% Au to produce 5,676 Oz Au. “The Company intends to prioritize drilling high grade underground targets that can readily be brought into the mine plan as well as the continued regional program to better understand the potential of the significant land package at SJG”. Revenue was US$ 11.2 M during the period. Management believes it will achieve its production rate target of 25.5 K tonnes per month in Q4 2024. The company is working to improve plant recoveries.
Heliostar Metals Ltd. provided gold production guidance for the recently acquired San Agustin mine, in Durango, and the La Colorada mine, in Sonora. For the July-December 2024 period production expected for La Colorada is 4,700-4,800 Oz Au, 13.3 K-14.4 K Oz Ag (or 4,800-4,900 Oz AuEq) at cash cost $1,350-$1,450 per Oz Au and an AISC of $1,500-$1,600 per Oz Au. At San Agustin 14,650-14,950 Oz Au, 25,400-25,500 Oz Ag (or 15,200-15,300 Oz AuEq), at cash cost $1,500-$1,600 per Oz Au and an AISC of $1,650-1,750 per Oz Au. La Colorada continues to produce Au from leach pads, but mining was paused by the previous operator on September 2023. Heliostar is to determine the economic viability of restarting operations and to complete a pre-feasibility study in early Q1 2025. At San Agustin mining operations ceased due to permitting constraints and is producing Au from existing leach pads. “The Company has submitted a permit application to expand the open pit that would allow mining at San Agustin to recommence in 2025. Without approval, the San Agustin Mine will transition to care and maintenance upon completion of leaching operations.”
United States Antimony Corp. reported third quarter 2024 financial and operational results. The company has no operations in Mexico, but holds the Los Juarez gold project in Queretaro.

ON FINANCING

Apollo Silver Corp. closed a fully subscribed non-brokered private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of C$13.5 M (Cinco de Mayo, Chihuahua).
Osisko Development Corp. closed its previously announced private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of US$57.5 M (San Antonio, Sonora).
Orex Minerals Inc. completed the company’s warrant exercise incentive program raising approximately $1.2 M (Coneto, Durango).
Elemental Altus Royalties Corp. signed an amendment to its credit facility, exercising the US$10 M accordion feature, with the borrowing limit increased to US$50 M and Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) as a new lender in the facility, joining National Bank of Canada (NBC) and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) (Mercedes, Sonora).

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Osisko Development Corp. reported financial and operating results for Q3, 2024, including some information on its Mexican operations. At San Antonio, in Sonora, the company has kept the project in care and maintenance since Q3 2023, awaiting the next steps from the government of Mexico with respect to the permitting process and the status of open pit mining in the country. The company is “exploring the potential for a financial or strategic partner in the asset or for a full or partial sale of the asset”.
Endeavour Silver Corp. reported an update on the exploration and evaluation of its Pitarrilla property in Durango. Endeavour has re-logged the historic drill core, focusing on defining high-grade feeder structures of the Ag-Pb-Zn sulfide mineralization. The company has refurbished the ramp and extended it over 1.3 km to provide access to underground drilling. This work has confirmed the presence of at least four structures that extend through the manto (Palmito, Danna, Victoria and Casas Blancas veins), additional mineralized structures include the Norma and Danna hanging wall veins and the Peña dike. It is estimated that the first four veins are typically 3 m in width and have a vertical extent of 600 to 800 m and strike lengths of 700 m; these veins appear open to depth. Highlighted true width intervals comprise 82.92 m @ 0.02 gpt Au, 87 gpt Ag, 0.08% Cu, 0.6% Pb, 2.4% Zn; 25.94 m @ 0.04 gpt Au, 241 gpt Ag, 0.18% Cu, 0.9% Pb, 1.9% Zn (including 0.90 m @ 0.04 gpt Au, 2,020 gpt Ag, 1.6% Cu, 5.7% Pb, 4.0% Zn); 13.62 m @ 0.06 gpt Au, 183 gpt Ag, 0.04% Cu, 0.5% Pb, 1.8% Zn; 22.23 m @ 0.02 gpt Au, 112 gpt Ag, 0.06% Cu, 0.5% Pb, 3.6% Zn (including 0.92 m @ 0.21 gpt Au, 1,145 gpt Ag, 0.14% Cu, 1.6% Pb, 4.5% Zn). Highlighted Peña dike channel samples on the ramp comprise 4.20 m @ 0.07 gpt Au, 562 gpt Ag, 0.78% Cu, 5.3% Pb, 2.5% Zn; 5.35 m @ 0.09 gpt Au, 424 gpt Ag, 0.24% Cu, 4.9% Pb, 2.2% Zn; 3.85 m @ 0.09 gpt Au, 511 gpt Ag, 1.71% Cu, 3.0% Pb, 4.5% Zn.
Torex Gold Resources Inc. released assay results from the ongoing drill program at EPO, on its Morelos Complex, in Guerrero. Drilling has shown the potential to upgrade inferred resources to indicated resources in the NE portion of the EPO deposit. Highlighted core length intercepts comprise 36.6 m @ 9.57 gpt Au, 20 gpt Ag, 0.51% Cu (including 7.55 m @ 43.33 gpt Au, 48 gpt Ag, 0.51% Cu); 19.16 m @ 4.01 gpt Au, 3 gpt Ag, 0.30% Cu; 18.75 m @ 2.83 gpt Au, 28 gpt Ag, 1.26% Cu; 18.91 m @ 1.56 gpt Au, 73 gpt Ag, 2.62% Cu on resource conversion and 5.10 m @ 3.70 gpt Au, 30 gpt Ag, 1.37% Cu; 3.00 m @ 4.90 gpt Au, 21 gpt Ag, 0.28% Cu; 3.18 m @ 3.56 gpt Ag; 39 gpt Ag, 0.95% Cu; 8.33 m @ 0.44 gpt Au, 45 gpt Ag, 1.44% Cu; 2.37 m @ 0.46 gpt Au, 149 gpt Ag, 3.24% Cu; 3.59 m @ 0.51 gpt Au, 69 gpt Ag, 2.23% Cu, in advanced exploration beyond the resource boundary to the north of EPO. The EPO geology described in the press release highlights its complexity, with skarn, CRD and intermediate sulfidation epithermal mineralization events.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Chesapeake Gold Corp. updated on legal proceedings related to its 700 ha San Vicente 3 mineral concession. The proceedings against the Dirección General de Minas (DGM) are the company’s response to the cancellation of one of 12 concessions within its 4,260 ha Metates project in Durango (the largest undeveloped gold deposit in Mexico). “Chesapeake began nullity proceedings to have the cancellation of San Vicente 3 declared as null and void by the North Center III and Auxiliary Regional Chamber of the Federal Court of Administrative Justice (the “Chamber”) based on certain procedural arguments. The Chamber dismissed the Company’s lawsuit in a 2-1 split decision, with the dissenting judge finding the Company’s arguments to be well-founded. The Company plans to appeal before the Collegiate Court and to pursue all legal remedies available”. The concession covers part of the mineral resource, and its cancellation would hinder the ability to develop the Metates project as outlined on the PEA.
GR Silver Mining Ltd. held its annual general meeting (AGM) with all matters brought before the meeting approved (Plomosas, Sinaloa).
Fresnillo plc. has secured notice over operational issues at Industrias Peñoles Sabinas mine in Zacatecas, affecting silver output. There is a silverstream contract comprising a series of 12 agreements between Fresnillo and Peñoles, following which the London-listed miner has the right to receive all proceeds from the payable silver. “The operational challenges at the mine have prompted immediate discussions between the two companies to evaluate the situation and its implications for the agreement”.

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Discovery Silver Corp. released its 2023 ESG (environmental social and governance) report, highlighting the reception of the Quality Environmental Certification, the Socially Responsible Enterprise (ESR) Distinction and the Great Place to Work Certification (Cordero, Chihuahua).

On the image below: Clear vein scarps in a copper project in Sonora. Drone picture by Jorge Cirett.

The Mining and Exploration News in Mexico: Highlights on the Fifth Week of October 2024

November 3, 2024 / Gambusino Prospector / Leave a comment

By Jorge Cirett
During the 44th week of the year (October 28th to November 3rd, 2024), companies working in Mexico posted at least 23 press releases. Not a single company informed on exploration advances on its properties, two companies presented quarterly results and one other actualized its production forecast for 2024. Two companies released drilling results from their advanced properties while one also provided channel sample results and one more informed on the advance of mine construction. Two companies disclosed the status of their merger process, one the acquisition of a company with a past producing mine, one the sale of a project and one other on the optioning of a property. Two companies presented the results of their AGMs, one the appointment of a well-known industry leader, one the optioning of several adjacent mining concessions to their property and one more on the final approval for transferring assets. ON MEXICO ISSUES, a Supreme Court minister commented on the Judiciary Reform. ON EXPLORATION, no relevant news. ON MINING, Agnico Eagle and Capstone Copper released Q3 production results. Torex Gold increased its forecast on production for 2024. ON FINANCING, Mithril Gold and Silver is to raise A$12.5 M. Pinnacle Silver and Gold intends to make a private placement for US$800 K. Americas Gold and Silver completed a bought deal private placement for C$50 M. Guanajuato Silver closed a private placement for C$8.7 M and settled a US$1.8 M debt with shares. Defiance Silver paid a minor debt with shares. ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Heliostar Metals reported drilling results from Ana Paula, in Guerrero. Mithril Gold and Silver presented drilling results and channel sample results from Copalquin, in Durango. Torex Gold informed on the construction status at Media Luna project, in Guerrero. ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Minera Alamos entered into an agreement to acquire Sabre Gold Mines, which owns the past producing Copperstone mine in Arizona. Reyna Silver completed the acquisition of Reyna Gold. Golden Minerals is selling its Yoquivo project in Chihuahua to Advance Metals. Pinnacle Silver and Gold signed a LOI to acquire a mining property in Durango. Florida Canyon Gold received final approval on the sale of its Mexican assets to Heliostar Metals. Defiance Silver acquired six mining concessions adjacent to its Tepal project in Michoacan. Silver Spruce Royalties and Orogen Royalties informed on their AGMs. Capitan Silver informed on the appointment of Fernando Alanís to its board. ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, Vizsla Silver received the Socially Responsible Company Distinction (ESR) for the third year since 2022.

ON MEXICO ISSUES

Juan Luis González Alcántar Carrancá, a Supreme Court minister, stated that México is to be left without a Supreme Court if the federal government (the Ejecutive branch) does not abide by the Supreme Court ruling on the invalidation of the recent Judiciary Power Reform, adding that the sudden changes on the appointment of judges and ministers can impact on economic matters.

ON EXPLORATION

No Relevant News.

ON MINING

Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd. reported third quarter 2024 results, including information on its Mexican operations. At San Nicolás (50% AEM, 50% Teck), in Zacatecas, “Progress continues on the feasibility study work and execution strategy development, with plans to begin detailed engineering in the first half of 2025. Project approval is expected to follow, subject to receipt of permits and the results of the feasibility study”. At Pinos altos, in Chihuahua, 446 K tonnes were milled at a 4,848 tpd rate, grading 1.58 gpt Au, to produce 21,371 Oz Au at $2,174 per Oz Au production cost and total cash cost of $1,532 per Oz Au. At La India, in Sonora, residual leaching produced 4,259 Oz Au with a production cost of $2,300 per Oz Au and a total cash cost of $2,872 per Oz Au.
Torex Gold Resources Inc. increased the forecast production for 2024 from 400 K – 450 K to 450 K – 470 K Oz Au at its Morelos Complex in Guerrero. The total cash cost estimate remains at $860 – $910 per Oz Au and the AISC at $1,100 to $1,160 per Oz Au (El Limón-Guajes, Guerrero).
Capstone Copper Corp. reported financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The company produced a total of 47,460 tonnes Cu at cash cost $2.83 per Lb Cu. At Cozamin, in Zacatecas, 6 K tonnes were produced, driven by a milling rate of 3,609 tpd and having a cash cost of $1.82 per Lb Cu. The company has a total debt of $750.7 M, presenting $138.6 M in cash and short-term investments by the end of the period, as well as $377 M of undrawn amounts on the corporate revolving credit facility.

ON FINANCING

Mithril Silver and Gold Ltd. informed firm commitments for an oversubscribed capital raising of A$12.5 M, with Jupiter Gold and Silver Fund confirming Mithril shareholding at 16% and 1832 Fund (Bank of Nova Scotia) maintaining 8% post placement. The proceeds are to be used to complete the current 9,000 m drill program to expand the JORC resource, the upgrade of the access road and prepare targets Las Brujas-El Peru and Constancia-Jabali for drilling in 2025 (Copalquin, Durango).
Pinnacle Silver and Gold Corp. will be arranging a private placement to raise up to US$800 K in gross proceeds (El Potrero, Durango).
Americas Gold and Silver Corp. completed its previously announced “bought deal” private placement raising C$50 M in gross proceeds, which included 12.5 M subscription receipts issued pursuant to the exercise, in full, of the underwriter’s option agreement granted to the underwriters in connection with the private placement (Cosala, Sinaloa).
Guanajuato Silver Company Ltd. closed the previously announced private placement for gross proceeds of C$8.72 M. “The Private Placement includes an anchor order of C$3,000,000 by a corporation beneficially owned and controlled by Mr. Eric Sprott”. Additionally, the company has settled a US$1 M contingent payment upon the production of 3 M Oz AgEq at El Cubo mine, entirely with shares. Also, Guanajuato Silver settled US$1.8 M in outstanding liabilities to Ocean Partners UK Ltd. by issuing shares, and C$77.5 K in outstanding liabilities to three arm’s length third party entities (El Cubo, Guanajuato).
Defiance Silver Corp. entered into an agreement with a non-arm’s length administrative services agreement for services provided by an officer of the company for $7,980 (Zacatecas Silver, Zacatecas; Tepal, Michoacan).

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Heliostar Metals Ltd. reported results from the 2024 drill program at Ana Paula, in Guerrero. The focus of the program is to extend the High Grade and Parallel panels to the west, testing the down-dip extension of the High Grade Panel while infilling the Parallel Panel target. Highlighted core length intercepts comprise 6.05 m @ 8.24 gpt Au; 5.00 m @ 2.10 gpt Au; 16.0 m @ 1.74 gpt Au, 16.0 m @ 16.7 gpt Au; 2.5 m @ 3.57 gpt Au. “Drilling is ongoing, with five holes completed to date for a total of 1994.8 meters”.
Mithril Silver and Gold Ltd. on October 18, 2024, released further results from resource expansion drilling at El Refugio mine target at its Copalquin project in Durango. Highlighted core length intervals comprise 4.60 m @ 5.51 gpt Au, 182 gpt Ag (including 0.60 m @ 28.0 gpt Au, 997 gpt Ag); 9.00 m @ 2.06 gpt Au, 90 gpt Ag (including 1.00 m @ 2.14 gpt Au, 259 gpt Ag); 1.60 m @ 5.09 gpt Au, 299 gpt Ag (including 0.50 m @ 12.15 gpt Au, 758 gpt Ag). Drilling the second half of the 9,000 m program is to recommence late in October. The 2021 MRE stands at 691 K tonnes @ 5.43 gpt Au, 114 gpt Ag, containing 121 K Oz Au, 2.5 M Oz Ag as indicated resources and 1.7 M tonnes @ 4.55 gpt Au, 152 gpt Ag, containing 252 K Oz Au, 8.4 M Oz Ag.
Mithril Silver and Gold Ltd. provided results from channel sampling from remnant wall rock of historic workings on the El Refugio area of its Copalquin project in Durango. At La Soledad, reported results comprise 1.75 m @ 9.19 gpt Au, 653 gpt Ag; 1.50 m @ 13.6 gpt Au, 545 gpt Ag at Lumbrera vein, 2.00 m @ 8.99 gpt Au, 736 gpt Ag; 0.90 m @ 9.57 gpt Au, 361 gpt Ag; 0.80 m @ 6.87 gpt Au, 267 gpt Ag; 1.50 m @ 1.72 gpt Au, 22 gpt Ag at Soledad Level 1, 0.94 m @ 8.81 gpt Au, 51 gpt Ag; 0.80 m @ 5.36 gpt Au, 143 gpt Ag; 1.80 m @ 4.58 gpt Au, 193 gpt Ag; 3.40 m @ 1.56 gpt Au, 101 gpt Ag; 2.00 m @ 4.23 gpt Au, 481 gpt Ag; 2.80 m @ 1.62 gpt Au, 106 gpt Ag at Soledad Level 2, 1.90 m @ 0.38 gpt Au, 17 gpt Ag; 1.80 m @ 0.83 gpt Au, 42 gpt Ag; 2.70 m @ 1.21 gpt Au, 56 gpt Ag at Soledad Level 3, 0.70 m @ 6.00 gpt Au, 76 gpt Ag at Leon vein and 2.00 m @ 2.10 gpt Au, 94 gpt Ag; 3.50 m @ 2.89 gpt Au, 180 gpt Ag; 2.00 m @ 0.94 gpt Au, 42 gpt Ag; 4.00 m @ 2.28 gpt Au, 78 gpt Ag at El Cometa underground workings.
Torex Gold Resources Inc. informed development and construction at Media Luna in Guerrero now stands at 87%. Detailed engineering is now complete “and procurement is nearing completion at 97%. Underground development/construction and surface construction are advancing, with completion levels at 77% and 70%, respectively.” First copper concentrate it scheduled to be produced on Q1 2025.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Minera Alamos Inc. entered into a definitive agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Sabre Gold Mines Corp., which owns the past producing Copperstone gold mine in Arizona. (Santana, Sonora).
Reyna Gold Corp. and Reyna Silver Corp. announced the completion of the previously announced acquisition of all the issued and outstanding common shares of Reyna Gold by Reyna Silver (La Gloria, Sonora; Guigui, Chihuahua).
Golden Minerals Co. signed a binding agreement to sell to Advance Metals Ltd. its Yoquivo project in Chihuahua. The agreement involves the payment of US$20 K on October 24, 2024, US$275 K on November 1, 2024 and US$275 K on November 21, 2024, for a total consideration of US$570 K plus VAT.
Pinnacle Silver and Gold Corp. singed a letter of intent (LOI) on a staged option to acquire the 1,074 ha El Potrero project in Durango. The property lies within 35 km of four operating mines, including Fresnillo plc’s La Cienega, Luca Mining’s Tahuehueto and Guanajuato Silver’s Topia. The property is said to host a low sulfidation epithermal breccia system in andesitic rocks of the Lower Volcanic Group, with an historic resource of 45.6 K tonnes @ 8 gpt Au, 186 gpt Ag. The property has never been explored by modern methods and a 100 tpd plant on site can be rehabilitated. The deal comprises US$50 K on signature, 500 K shares and the payment of US$160 K back taxes on the property; US$200 K and 1 M shares at eight months from signature; US$750 K in cash and 1 M in shares on the first anniversary; US$ 1 M and 1 M shares at 2.5 years from signature, or when a 350 K Oz Au inferred resource is established; US$ 1 M in cash at the fourth anniversary, or when the plant is ready and permitted to start production, with Pinnacle obtaining 50% of the property; US$ 1.5 M in cash on the fifth anniversary, or one year after commencing production, receiving a further 20% of the property; US$3 M after the seventh anniversary or two years after starting production, with Pinncale receiving a further 20% interest, to a total of 90%; The vendor has the option to convert the remaining 10% interest to a 2% NSR royalty. The total is US$7.5 M, US$160 K in back taxes and 3.5 M shares for a 100% interest subject to a 2% NSR royalty.
Silver Spruce Resources Inc. informed that its annual general meeting has been adjourned to the new date of November 5, 2024, as the 10% requisite quorum was not achieved on the October 29 meeting (Pino de Plata, Chihuahua).
Orogen Royalties Inc. held its annual general meeting (AGM) on October 29, 2024, with all matters approved (Ermitaño, Sonora).
Capitan Silver Corp. announced the appointment of Fernando Alanís Ortega to its board of directors. Fernando Alanís is a past CEO of Industrias Peñoles, one of Mexico’s most emblematic mining companies, and is also past president of the Mexican Mining Chamber known as CAMIMEX (Cruz de Plata, Durango).
Defiance Silver Corp. extended the San Acacio project (in Zacatecas) option agreement and acquired six additional mining concessions at its Tepal project in Michoacan. At San Acacio, the scheduled payment to be made in September 24, 2024, has now been changed to December 31, 2024.
Florida Canyon Gold Inc. received the final order of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice with respect to the pending arrangement transaction with Integra Resources Corp., the final substantive approval required prior to closing the arrangement, anticipated to occur in November and which includes the sale of Florida Canyon Mexican assets to Heliostar Metals Ltd. (La Colorada, Sonora).

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Vizsla Silver Corp. received the Socially Responsible Company Distinction (ESR) for the third year since 2022. The distinction is awarded jointly by the Mexican Center for Philanthropy (CEMEFI) and the Foundation for Sustainability and Equity (ALIARSE).

On the image below: Drilling under the scarp in Sonora. Picture by Jorge Cirett.

The Mining and Exploration News in Mexico: Highlights on the First Week of October 2024

October 6, 2024October 6, 2024 / Gambusino Prospector / Leave a comment

By Jorge Cirett

During the 40^thweek of the year (September 30^th to October 6^th,2024), companies working in Mexico posted at least 12 press releases. One company informed on exploration advances on its property, one other company updated on mining operations, one company notified on the extension of a financing round, two companies granted stock options/deferred-share-units, two companies announced share consolidation programs, two companies reported drilling results on its advanced property/mine, another reported AGM results, one informed on appointments to the board and two more on their merger. ON MEXICO ISSUES, an illegal mining operation was terminated in Sonora. Vulcan Materials warned on the intensification of its legal dispute with the Mexican government. ON EXPLORATION, in Nayarit, Angel Wings Metals provided an exploration update on La Reyna project. ON MINING, Luca Mining updated on planned activities at its Campo Morado and Tahuehueto mines, in Guerrero and Durango respectively. ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, Vizsla Silver reported drilling results from Panuco, in Sinaloa. Gatos Silver released drilling results from two areas of the Cerro Los Gatos mine in Chihuahua. ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES, Vizsla Silver presented results of its AGM. Apollo Silver made directors appointments. Coeur Mining and SilverCrest Metals announced their merger. ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, no relevant news.

ON MEXICO ISSUES

An illegal gold mining operation was closed down in Sonora. The mining operation was being conducted without permits on La Cienega area in the Sonoran Desert, which is an historically active dry placer mining area. Eight persons were detained and diverse equipment sequestered.
Vulcan Materials warned that it is to intensify its legal dispute with the government of Mexico, under which the company demands the payment of US$1.5 billion.

ON EXPLORATION

Angel Wing Metals Inc. provided an exploration update on La Reyna project, in Nayarit. The exploration focus is on the El Polo-Dolorosa target area, where historic trench results include 21 m grading 5.01 gpt Au, 12.7 m grading 1.21 gpt Au and 15.52 m grading 0.92 gpt Au. “Principal prospects include the former El Polo open pit mine, and the Dolorosa, San Ramon, La Feña, and El Zorillo shallow workings. The Company intends on commencing a diamond drill program in Q4 of this year”. Exploration is focused on bulk tonnage size potential in altered and brecciated volcanic rocks with stockwork quartz veining. The first 2,500 m drill phase is to test five widely spaced prospects from near surface depths to 175 m.

ON MINING

Luca Mining Corp. updated on planned activities at its two mines in Mexico. At Campo Morado, in Guerrero, a mining contractor was hired to increase performance and exceed 2,000 tpd rates, improvements to metallurgy processes have been made and the first drilling program in over a decade is commencing. At Tahuehueto, in Durango, construction has been completed and commercial production is expected to be declared during Q4. A significant drilling campaign is to commence during the quarter. “Luca will commence repayments of its debt owed to Trafigura, from cashflow, in October 2024 under the terms of the restructured debt agreement”.

ON FINANCING

Aztec Minerals Corp. granted 1.57 M stock options to directors, management, and consultants of the company (Cervantes, Sonora).
GRSilver Mining Ltd. granted 97.5 K deferred share units (DSU) to non-executive directors for director’s fees to Q3 2024. eligible persons in accordance with the Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan. “Once vested, each DSU entitles the holder thereof to receive either one common share of the Company, the cash equivalent of one common share or a combination of cash and common shares, as determined by the Company, net of applicable withholdings” (Plomosas, Sinaloa).
Silver Spruce Resources Inc. proposed to consolidate its common shares on a 1:15 basis on its annual and special meeting on October 29, 2024 (Pino de Plata, Chihuahua).
Apollo Silver Corp. announced a non-brokered private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of up to C$10 M. Following the closing of the offering, the company intends to consolidated its issued and outstanding shares on a five to one basis. (Cinco de Mayo, Chihuahua).
Colibri Resource Corp. announced the extension of its non-brokered private placement to raise up to C$450 K, to close on or before November 3, 2024 (EP project, Sonora)

ON RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Vizsla Silver Corp. reported results from 11 holes targeting the Copala resource area at its Panuco project in Sinaloa. Highlighted true width intercepts comprise 2.88 m @ 0.45 gpt Au, 92 gpt Ag; 1.46 m @ 15.47 gpt Au, 1,935 gpt Ag; 0.55 m @ 6.26 gpt Au, 437 gpt Ag; 2.30 m @ 37.30 gpt Au, 2,851 gpt Ag; (including 1.05 m @ 73.10 gpt Au, 5,410 gpt Ag); 1.70 m @ 1.35 gpt Au, 238 gpt Ag; 5.80 m @ 14.85 gpt Au, 2,551, gpt Ag (including 0.46 m @ 146.50 gpt Au, 21,953 gpt Ag); 2.30 m @ 0.98 gpt Au, 79 gpt Ag; 4.15 m @ 3.29 gpt Au, 732 gpt Ag (including 1.37 m @ 7.56 gpt Au, 1,634 gpt Ag); 5.65 m @ 26.06 gpt Au, 3,007 gpt Ag (including 1.48 m @ 96.11 gpt Au, 10,869 gpt Ag); 0.65 m @ 1.99 gpt Au, 384 gpt Ag; 7.50 m @ 1.23 gpt Au, 222 gpt Ag; 4.90 m @ 1.06 gpt Au, 145 gpt Ag; 1.00 m @ 5.39 gpt Au, 874 gpt Ag; 0.90 m @ 12.05 gpt Au, 1,830 gpt Ag; 4.35 m @ 3.00 gpt Au, 781 gpt Ag (including 0.73 m @ 12.45 gpt Au, 2,990 gpt Ag). “Exploration and resource focused drilling at Copala has traced mineralization along ~1,770 metres of strike length and ~400 metres down dip”.
Gatos Silver Inc. updated on the drilling exploration programs in the 70%-owned Los Gatos district in Chihuahua. Positive results have been obtained on the Central Deeps target and the South-East Deeps zone at the Cerro Los Gatos mine, as well as key developments on the regional exploration program. Highlighted true width intercepts comprise 7.5 m @ 0.20 gpt Au, 101 gpt Ag, 0.17% Cu, 5.5% Pb, 11.1% Zn; 3.3 m @ 0.28 gpt Au, 153 gpt Ag, 0.08% Cu, 6.6% Pb, 17.5% Zn; 2.8 m @ 0.03 gpt Au, 40 gpt Ag, 0.22% Cu, 0.7% Pb, 3.0% Zn; 1.3 m @ 0.57 gpt Au, 151 gpt Ag, 0.09% Cu, 3.0% Pb, 3.8% Zn; 6.5 m @ 0.04 gpt Au, 47 gpt Ag, 0.26% Cu, 1.1% Pb, 2.4% Zn; 4.5 m @ 0.09 gpt Au, 88 gpt Ag, 0.52% Cu,1.8% Pb, 3.2% Zn; 7.8 m @ 0.17 gpt Au, 90 gpt Ag, 0.14% Cu, 4.9% Pb, 5.8% Zn; 4.4 m @ 0.20 gpt Au, 55 gpt Ag, 0.37% Cu, 3.4% Pb, 1.6% Zn, 2.8 m @ 0.07 gpt Au,122 gpt Ag, 0.56% Cu, 3.4% Pb, 9.5% Zn; 5.0 m 0.14 gpt Au, @ 126 gpt Ag, 0.35% Cu, 5.5% Pb, 15.8% Zn; 1.1 m @ 2.03 gpt Au. Drilling below the Central Zone has intercepted a new zone of mineralization, and the “latest results in the South-East Deeps zone show further extension potential to the south-east of the current mineral reserves in this area. Moreover, we continue to pursue the longer term potential across the broader Los Gatos district”.

ON DEALS AND CORPORATE ISSUES

Vizsla Silver Corp. held its annual general meeting, fixing the number of directors at seven persons, elected the directors for the ensuing year, re-appointed the auditor of the company and approved the company’s omnibus equity incentive compensation plan. (Panuco, Sinaloa).
Apollo Silver Corp. announced the appointment of Alex Tsakumis to its board of directors and of Amandip Singh as vice president, corporate development (Cinco de Mayo, Chihuahua).
Coeur Mining Inc. and SilverCrest Metals Inc. entered into a definitive agreement in which Coeur is to acquire all issued and outstanding shares of SilverCrest. All SilverCrest shareholders will receive 1.6022 Coeur common shares. The exchange ratio implies $11.34 per SilverCrest shares, representing an 18% premium and a total equity value of $1.7 billion based on SilverCrest’s shares outstanding. “Upon completion of the Transaction, existing Coeur stockholders and SilverCrest shareholders will own approximately 63% and 37% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company, respectively” (Palmarjo, Chihuahua; Las Chispas, Sonora).

ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

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On the image below: Drilling under the scarp in Sonora. Picture by Jorge Cirett.

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